{"id":4910,"date":"2018-02-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amabhungane.org\/amabhungane\/stories\/an-investigation-reveals-a-long-list-of-potential-violations-and-an-apparent-disregard-for-banking-ethics-and-regulations-by-bobs-executives\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:43:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T12:43:44","slug":"guptaleaks-how-bank-of-barodas-misadventures-dragged-it-into-sas-political-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/further.co.za\/amabwp\/guptaleaks-how-bank-of-barodas-misadventures-dragged-it-into-sas-political-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"#GuptaLeaks: How Bank of Baroda\u2019s misadventures dragged it into SA&#8217;s political crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>A scandal involving the BoB\u2019s South Africa operations, a cabal of businessmen of Indian origin, and South African President Jacob Zuma, has undermined the reputation of India\u2019s second largest bank and resulted in an unprecedented penalty by the South African Reserve Bank.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>This article was first published in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/business-news\/how-a-series-of-mistakes-by-bank-of-baroda-dragged-it-into-south-africa-s-political-crisis-ht-investigation\/story-KZ8JRozaG0ToWrxbO0tbKN.html\">Hindustan Times<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In June 2017, an anodyne footnote to the Bank of Baroda\u2019s (BoB) quarterly results mentioned a fine levied by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), headquartered in Pretoria.<\/p>\n<p>The sum \u2014 R11-million \u2014 was insignificant for an institution the size of BoB. No further details were given; the penalty passed unnoticed in India.<\/p>\n<p>But in South Africa, the SARB\u2019s actions suggested BoB\u2019s involvement in the \u201cState Capture\u201d scandal: an avalanche of allegations that President Jacob Zuma was under the sway of three brothers from Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh \u2014 Ajay, Atul, and Rajesh Gupta, collectively known as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/amabhungane.org\/stories\/special-report-the-guptaleaks-and-more-all-our-stories-on-state-capture-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guptas<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>As the scandal continues to unfold, BoB\u2019s role as the Gupta family\u2019s banker of choice for their most controversial deals, has attracted increasing attention from South African regulators, investigators and the press.<\/p>\n<p>A joint investigation of thousands of pages of court documents, bank records, SARB records, internal Gupta company correspondence, and interviews with bank officials, by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/business-news\/how-a-series-of-mistakes-by-bank-of-baroda-dragged-it-into-south-africa-s-political-crisis-ht-investigation\/story-KZ8JRozaG0ToWrxbO0tbKN.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Hindustan Times<\/em><\/a>, South Africa\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/amabhungane.co.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.financeuncovered.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finance Uncovered<\/a> and the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymaverick.co.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daily Maverick\u2019s<\/a><\/em> Scorpio unit, reveals a laundry list of potential violations, and a seeming disregard for banking ethics and regulations by BoB executives.<\/p>\n<p>An example: As early as 2010, BoB financed the purchase of a luxurious house that was bought in the name of President Jacob Zuma\u2019s fourth wife, but paid for by the Guptas through BoB accounts operated by secretive trusts.<\/p>\n<p>And as late as November 2016, an investigation into the Guptas\u2019 controversial purchase of a coal mine by the South Africa\u2019s Public Protector, a constitutional public ombudsman, found that \u201cthe conduct of the Bank of Baroda appears highly suspicious\u201d in the bank\u2019s role in underwriting the deal.<\/p>\n<p>BoB stood by the Guptas as four major South African banks shut their bank accounts in 2016 on the grounds that anti-money laundering laws made it too risky to do business with the family.<\/p>\n<p>While BoB executives say they began to \u201cexit\u201d their relationship with the Guptas in July 2016, the bank sent out account termination notices a full year later in July 2017.<\/p>\n<p>The Guptas took the bank to court.<\/p>\n<p>At the time of going to press, BoB was stuck with the accounts of at least 35 Gupta companies according to the most recent court disclosures.<\/p>\n<p>What follows is an inside account of how a culture of wilful blindness in BoB\u2019s South Africa operations exposed India\u2019s second largest bank to a damaging investigation in a foreign jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p>Bank executives sought personal favours from the Guptas and enjoyed their hospitality, emails show, while the family used BoB accounts to funnel millions through an international network of secretive companies and trusts.<\/p>\n<p>Personal favours aside, the systemic shortcomings identified by the SARB audit lead back to BoB\u2019s compliance department in Mumbai, raising questions about the bank\u2019s operations in India and across the world.<\/p>\n<p>South African investigators now are probing if the money in these accounts included kickbacks for prominent South African politicians for awarding dodgy government contracts to the Guptas.<\/p>\n<p>In October 2017, the <em>Financial Times<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/6d692274-b44a-11e7-a398-73d59db9e399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported<\/a> that American authorities had begun probing the Gupta family as some of these transactions were in US dollars, raising questions of how much BoB knew, and what action, if any, the bank took?<\/p>\n<p>Today, as the Indian government prepares to pump Rs 88,100 crore into the country\u2019s ailing public sector banks, of which BoB will get Rs 5,307 crore, the bank\u2019s actions in South Africa offer a sobering glimpse of how some of India\u2019s biggest banks may be doing business.<\/p>\n<p>When <em>Hindustan Times<\/em> sent BoB a detailed questionnaire, the bank arranged two interviews with CEO PS Jayakumar, only to cancel both meetings without explanation at the last minute. BoB has not responded to repeated requests for comment on the events described below.<\/p>\n<p><em>Hindustan Times<\/em> also wrote to the Gupta brothers, their family lawyer, and the South African High Commission in India, but did not receive a response.<\/p>\n<h5>A House for Mrs Zuma<\/h5>\n<p>On June 29, 2010, Bank of Baroda signed off on a mortgage of R3.84-million for a residential property in Waterkloof Ridge, a leafy suburban neighbourhood with some of the most expensive real estate in Pretoria.<\/p>\n<p>The loan, mortgage documents reviewed by <em>Hindustan Times<\/em> reveal, was to be repaid in monthly instalments of R79 715.<\/p>\n<p>It was unusual for BoB to offer this home loan in South Africa, as the bank did not offer retail banking services and its primary products in the country were fixed deposits, trade credit and overdraft facilities.<\/p>\n<p>Stranger still was that the loan was granted to Sinqumo Trust, whose primary trustee was Bongekile Gloria Ngema Zuma, the fourth wife of Jacob Zuma, the President of South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>Sinqumo\u2019s other trustee was Duduzane Zuma, President Zuma\u2019s son from a previous marriage. \u201cSinqumo\u201d, is the name of President Zuma\u2019s son with Ngema Zuma.<\/p>\n<p>The documentation included a declaration by Ngema Zuma, under South Africa\u2019s Financial Intelligence Centre Act of 2001, that the loan was to finance the purchase of the house, and the money used to repay the loan was her own.<\/p>\n<p>Yet transaction details and emails reviewed by <em>Hindustan Times<\/em> suggest that the loan was repaid by the Guptas by routing regular payments to Sinqumo\u2019s BoB accounts via an entity called Mabengela Investments, a company controlled by Duduzane Zuma and Rajesh \u201cTony\u201d Gupta.<\/p>\n<p>An email by Ugeshni Naidu, an accounts officer for the Guptas, shows how this worked: In a mail dated February 8 2012, Naidu lists a cascading array of transactions in which a large sum of money is moved between three Gupta fronts before R65 000 is transferred to Mabengela, and then from Mabengela to Sinqumo\u2019s BoB current account, and from the current account to the BoB\u2019s mortgage account.<\/p>\n<p><em>Hindustan Times<\/em> found 17 such emails, including one in September 2013, in which a lump-sum of R535 000 was transferred from Mabengela to Sinqumo.<\/p>\n<p>These transactions correspond to what money laundering experts call \u2018structuring\u2019, where large sums are broken into smaller transactions to evade detection, \u2018layering\u2019, in which the money moves through multiple companies to remove links to its source, and \u2018integration\u2019, where layered funds are gathered in a seemingly innocuous investment \u2013 like buying a house.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy this stage it is practically impossible to trace the funds to its originator or illicit origins except as \u2018disproportionate assets\u2019,\u201d said M Nanda Kumar, a London-based anti-money laundering specialist, who declined to comment on specific Gupta transactions.<\/p>\n<p>BoB internal documentation, viewed by<em> Hindustan Times<\/em>, lists Sinqumo as a Gupta affiliated entity, indicating that the bank knew the Guptas, the Zumas, and Sinqumo Trust were connected, and of the complications this posed, yet went ahead with the loan anyway.<\/p>\n<p>Indian, South African, and international banking laws require banks to identify Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) like Ngeme Zuma \u2014 and flag suspicious transactions within 15 days.<\/p>\n<p>BoB labelled Sinqumo Trust as PEP only in 2015, five years after giving the loan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA loan to a President\u2019s wife, in a foreign country, serviced by a private company, is an immediate red flag,\u201d said Hemindra Hazarika, an independent banking analyst, \u201cAs an Indian, government-owned bank, Bank of Baroda should not have touched this loan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A former BoB official put it more bluntly: \u201cImagine a purchase of a house for the wife of a prominent Indian politician, involving Chinese businessmen and a loan from a Chinese state-owned bank,\u201d the official said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow would that look?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The purchase of Mrs Zuma\u2019s house is not the only controversial Gupta deal underwritten by Bank of Baroda.<\/p>\n<p>The bank underwrote progressively riskier Gupta deals until it caught the attention of South African regulators.<\/p>\n<h5>Indians with a Business Plan<\/h5>\n<p>Bank of Baroda\u2019s Africa connections date back to 1953, when the bank opened its first foreign branches in Mombasa and Kampala to cater to traders from the Gujarati diaspora.<\/p>\n<p>The bank opened shop in South Africa in 1997 in Durban, another diaspora hub, followed by Johannesburg in 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Ajay, Atul and Rajesh Gupta moved from Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to South Africa in the mid 1990s, and opened their first South African BoB account in 2005, court documents show.<\/p>\n<p>Over two decades starting in the 1990s, the brothers used their business acumen and political connections to build an empire spanning everything from computer peripherals to uranium mining, and lucrative government contracts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur international operations go where the Indian diaspora goes,\u201d said a BoB executive seeking anonymity, \u201cSo when the Guptas came to us, we just saw them as Indians with a business plan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Over the next decade, the client-banker relationship would deepen to the point where senior bank executives tasked with monitoring Gupta accounts were instead asking for personal favours from their riskiest client.<\/p>\n<h5>Visas, Internships, Hotel Rooms<\/h5>\n<p>On January 30, 2013, Ashu Chawla, a key Gupta aide, sent an email to Jack Monedi, Chief Director of Permits at South Africa\u2019s Department of Home Affairs, requesting him to expedite the renewal of the work permit of Ramesh Salian, a senior manager at the Johannesburg Branch, who oversaw the Gupta loan accounts.<\/p>\n<p>The trailing mails contained a long-running correspondence between Salian, from his official BoB email address, and Monedi\u2019s department, regarding a waiver of certain technical requirements for Salian\u2019s visa.<\/p>\n<p>Chawla\u2019s mail to Monedi was direct: <em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cDear Sir,<br \/>\nAs discussed, I request you to sign the below waiver tomorrow. Thanks<br \/>\nAshu\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Salian got the waiver on February 22, 2013, and a new work permit, signed by Monedi, soon after.<\/p>\n<p>Two years later, in July 2014, Salian sent another email from his official BoB email account to the Guptas \u2014 this time to get a study permit for his daughter to pursue a degree in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>Salian wasn\u2019t the only BoB official requesting Gupta favours.<\/p>\n<p>On February 17, 2014, Salian\u2019s superior, Sanjiv Gupta, wrote a one-line mail from a personal Yahoo account to Chawla, \u201cPlease find enclosed herewith CV of my son for internship at T systems from 15.05.2014 to 15.07.2014.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Chawla forwarded the email right away to his boss Rajesh \u201cTony\u201d Gupta, saying \u201cThis is the CV I received for BoB Chief Manager son; please advise how to go further.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On February 26, Sanjiv, the BoB manager wrote to Evan Tak, a Gupta employee, saying, \u201cArchit Gupta will be available for internship from 15th May to 15th July. He plans to travel from 10th May to 19th July.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tak wrote back a week later with a return ticket on Emirates in Archit\u2019s name: Delhi to Johannesburg on May 10, 2014, with a return two months later on July 19, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>BoB\u2019s chief executive for South Africa, Murari Lal Sharma\u2019s name appears in a hotel bill for at Taj Palace Hotel in New Delhi, dated July 24, 2015, for two nights in Room 872 as a guest of Rajesh Gupta.<\/p>\n<p>Other guests on the same bill include Duduzane Zuma \u2014 President Zuma\u2019s son, and co-owner of the house that BoB provided the mortgage for.<\/p>\n<p>Murari Lal Sharma, is now a General Manager at BoB\u2019s corporate office in Mumbai, where he heads the asset recovery division.<\/p>\n<p>If these allegations were proved true, Hazari the analyst said, \u201cIt would appear that BoB\u2019s senior management was asleep at the wheel, while executives at Johannesburg were complicit.\u201d<\/p>\n<h5>Dodgy Deposits<\/h5>\n<p>The Guptas gradually came to account for a disproportionate share of BoB\u2019s South Africa business, to the point that it posed a risk to the bank.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we go into a foreign country, we don\u2019t do loans where only one party accounts for 40% of our book,\u201d said another BoB executive, speaking off record. \u201cWe don\u2019t involve ourselves with risky clients. We don\u2019t do business we don\u2019t understand.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But in South Africa, it seems BoB did.<\/p>\n<p>Email records suggest that the bank\u2019s exposure to the Guptas was even higher than what was reflected on the books.<\/p>\n<p>In 2011-12, BoB offered a R16-million loan overdraft facility to Everest Global Metals, a company controlled by Piyoosh Goyal \u2013 an Indian businessman accused by the CBI of allegedly bribing a senior State Bank of India executive to enhance a 250-core loan facility in November 2013.<\/p>\n<p>A CBI spokesperson said a chargesheet has since been filed.<\/p>\n<p>Everest Global Metals is not a known Gupta company; BoB court documents listing all Gupta-related accounts held by the bank make no mention of Everest.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, much like Zuma\u2019s house, the Guptas made the monthly interest payments on Everest\u2019s BoB loan.<\/p>\n<p>Emails reveal BoB would send Everest a monthly statement on the loan, which Everest would forward to the Guptas.<\/p>\n<p>The money would then be wired from JIC \u2014 a Gupta company \u2014 to Everest, who would settle accounts with the BoB.<\/p>\n<p>This circular lending, three bankers interviewed by HT said, is a not uncommon, but illegal, practice to surreptitiously give new loans to a favoured client who already owes the bank too much money.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou want to give someone a loan, but you can\u2019t because you are already over-exposed to them,\u201d said a risk officer with a European bank who asked not to be identified. \u201cSo, you give the loan to a front company instead.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the fronting was so transparent that when Everest missed a payment on November 13 2012, Salian, the BoB manager, wrote directly to Ronica Ragavan, a director of several Gupta companies, to say, \u201cGood Day, we are yet to receive credit for interest charged on M\/S Everest Global Pty Ltd for the month of October 12.\u201d<\/p>\n<h5>Politically Exposed Bank<\/h5>\n<p>On December 9, 2015, President Jacob Zuma fired his well-regarded finance minister Nhlanhla Nene.<\/p>\n<p>The move spooked investors and prompted intense speculation that Nene had been removed at the behest of the Guptas. The media outcry was so intense that even the normally placid BoB was moved to act.<\/p>\n<p>On December 13, BoB senior manager in Johannesburg, Gurbax Singh sent a note to his superiors recommending that 35 accounts held by the Guptas and Gupta affiliated companies at the Johannesburg branch be designated \u201cPolitically Exposed Person\u201d accounts \u201cwhich pose a high money laundering risk to the bank because of their position of influence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Included in the list was Sinqumo Trust, the entity used by the President\u2019s wife to buy her house, and Mabengala Investments, the company used by Tony Gupta and Duduzane Zuma to pay for the house.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBanks must conduct extra scrutiny of PEP accounts as laundering risk is high,\u201d said a retired official of the Reserve Bank of India, questioning why the bank didn\u2019t flag the accounts as politically exposed earlier, when they knew the President\u2019s family was involved.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhy did they wait till 2015?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sanjiv Gupta, the chief executive who had asked the Guptas for an internship for his son, signed off on the note, saying the accounts could be kept open on the condition of \u201cenhanced due diligence\u201d and that \u201ctransactions must be monitored.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>BoB opened eight fresh accounts for the Guptas from January to May 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, South Africa\u2019s biggest banks severed their ties with the family citing money laundering concerns.<\/p>\n<p>On June 1, 2016, Standard Chartered Bank faxed a letter to the Guptas\u2019 lawyers explaining they were shutting accounts as continuing business with the family would expose them to \u201can unacceptable level\u201d of risk of prosecution under local and international anti-corruption laws.<\/p>\n<p>A year would pass before BoB\u2019s head of international banking would formally write to the Guptas to terminate their account on July 1, 2017.<\/p>\n<p>By then BoB had already concluded its most controversial deal, which would lead to an audit and penalty from South Africa\u2019s Reserve Bank.<\/p>\n<h5>Optimum Coal Mine<\/h5>\n<p>Like the mortgage for Mrs Zuma\u2019s house, the first question haunting the Guptas\u2019 controversial purchase of the Optimum coal mine is why such a complex deal was structured by BoB\u2019s tiny, understaffed office of 16 employees rather than its South African competitors with many thousand employees on their rolls.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, Optimum Coal Holdings (OCH) \u2014 a subsidiary of global mining and commodity giant, Glencore \u2013 was bankrupt.<\/p>\n<p>The company was saddled with millions of rand worth of debt, and a looming penalty from its principal customer, Eskom \u2013 South Africa\u2019s state-run electricity utility.<\/p>\n<p>In September that year, the Guptas offered to buy the company. On December 10, 2015, Glencore agreed to sell for R2.15-billion.<\/p>\n<p>Bankruptcy resolution professional Piers Marsden said the deal was concluded on the understanding that the Guptas had the money to buy OCH.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were given a letter of comfort from their bankers that they did have the funds available to conclude the transaction,\u201d Marsden said in a sworn testimony to Parliament.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe relied on that letter for concluding the transaction.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But on April 11, 2016, 10 days after BoB\u2019s letter of comfort expired, Nazeem Howa, a Gupta aide, approached Marsden to say the Guptas were R586-million short of the agreed price and asked if OCH\u2019s lender consortium would finance the shortfall to ensure the deal went through.<\/p>\n<p>The consortium declined, but the Guptas mysteriously stumped up the cash in three days and bought Optimum.<\/p>\n<p>It later emerged that Eskom, the electricity utility, had given the Guptas the same amount of money \u2013 R586-million \u2014 as a pre-payment for future sales of coal.<\/p>\n<p>The Guptas used the money to conclude the sale.<\/p>\n<p>The revelation that South Africa\u2019s state-owned electricity utility had part-financed a Gupta takeover of OCH resulted in a public scandal, and an investigation into the acquisition.<\/p>\n<p>In a parliamentary inquiry into the deal, South African lawmakers expressed bewilderment about the credibility of the BoB\u2019s letter of comfort.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Bank of Baroda says we\u2019ve got 2.15 to pay over for the transaction, am I right?\u201d asked Pravin Gordhan, a former finance minister who had clashed with the Guptas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut just prior to that 585 was the missing amount out of the 2.15.\u201d<\/p>\n<h5>Misappropriated Funds<\/h5>\n<p>When the Guptas bought OCH, they also became custodians of two mine-rehabilitation trusts called Optimum and Koornfontein, collectively worth R1.75-billion, that they deposited in BoB accounts.<\/p>\n<p>Under South African law, the money in mine-rehabiliation trusts is meant to ameliorate the environmental impacts of mining, and cannot be used by the mining company for commercial purposes.<\/p>\n<p>But the Guptas wanted to get at the money locked away in these trusts, so BoB found a way.<\/p>\n<p>BoB documents indicate that in June 2016, the bank used R170-million deposited in the Koornfontein Rehabilitation Trust as collateral to give the Guptas a R150-million loan.<\/p>\n<p>This was a threat to both the bank and the environment.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf indeed the mine used the Rehab Trust fund as collateral for a business or bank loan, and the mine went into liquidation or bankruptcy, then the bank would attach the rehab fund,\u201d said Stephanie Fick, head of legal affairs for Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse, a South African NGO.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe public will be without the funds required to rehabilitate the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Alternately, if the bank was legally prevented from seizing the rehabilitation fund, it would not have been able to recover the loan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf indeed the BoB were ignorant of the prevailing laws I imagine this would be of great concern to amongst others the shareholders of BoB,\u201d Fick said.<\/p>\n<h5>Audit Woes<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cAs a bank, you never want to be audited by a regulator,\u201d said an anti-money laundering investigator, seeking anonymity as he works with banks and auditors. \u201cOnce they go in, they are always going to find something.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In BoB\u2019s case, the SARB found that the bank\u2019s Financial Crime Risk Manager (FCRM) system, software that automatically flags suspicious transactions, was incorrectly configured.<\/p>\n<p>BoB\u2019s FCRM, the audit noted, was run out of a data-centre in India, suggesting the BoB might be struggling to adequately monitor transactions in India as well.<\/p>\n<p>Auditors also found that BoB had not \u201capplied sufficient scrutiny\/ care while processing transactions involving loans and fund transfers among entities within the same group\u201d \u2013 which accounted for a lion\u2019s share of the bank\u2019s business with the Guptas.<\/p>\n<p>The SARB\u2019s findings were backed up by BoB\u2019s own auditors in the South Africa branch\u2019s 2017 annual report.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe bank did not maintain a complete record of business relationships,\u201d the auditors wrote.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFurthermore, documents subsequently submitted by the bank appeared inconsistent with those submitted for audit purposes, thereby raising suspicion.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When BoB\u2019s acting chief executive in South Africa Manoj Kumar Jha appeared before the South African high court for permission to close Gupta accounts, he noted that the SARB fine \u201cis the most severe sanction that may be imposed before the imposition of a restriction or suspension of the bank\u2019s business.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Keeping Gupta accounts open, Jha continued, was not feasible as any compliance slip-ups in the future would have prohibitive consequences for the bank\u2019s operations.<\/p>\n<p>The SARB could impose a fresh penalty, Jha said, prompting investigations by every regulator the 26 countries where BoB operates.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe adage that the currency of every bank is trust is absolutely true,\u201d Jha said. \u201cThe international community will lose all trust in the bank.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cs.mg.co.za\/content\/images\/2017\/11\/24\/3l5pxGWKS6WSGjcH1v1S_gutpaleakslogos1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An investigation reveals a long list of potential violations, and an apparent disregard for banking ethics and regulations by BoB&#8217;s 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